Sensory Suggestions
By convention sweet is sweet, bitter is bitter, hot is hot, cold is cold, color is color; but in truth there are only atoms and the void.
Let’s focus first on sensory perception.
The five primary senses are sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. In addition to that, we also have lesser known senses such as vestibular perception which manages head movement and balance, proprioception which manages the location of the body, and interoception manages visceral sensing and the nervous system generally. We even have chronoception, the subjective experience of the passage of time.
The senses themselves are raw data. What we actually feel as a sensation is how those senses are perceived. For example, pain is a perception: numerous experiments have demonstrated that pain is an interpretation of the brain of the body’s experience, rather than wired directly into the brain, and can be modified. Sight is a perception: the eyes are not physically capable of generating the world we see around us. Everything we experience, both physically and mentally, is the end result of perception.
Sensory suggestions change the perceptions from the world around us, and also the perceptions of the body. For each sense, you can provide a simple suggestion by providing something at the edge of perception. This is surprisingly easy to do, as you can produce hallucination without suggestion through classical conditioning.
Some classic hypnotic suggestions are immediately apparent once we organize by sensory perception.
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Sight: suggest a color is changing, or the room is getting darker or brighter. Imagine shadows.
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Sound: suggest music or a conversation is happening outside.
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Taste: suggest an apple tastes sweet or sour when biting into it.
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Touch: suggest pressure or tingles / warmth.
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Smell: suggest a whiff of nice/nasty smell.
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Balance: suggest leaning forwards or backwards
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Interoception: suggest relaxation or excitement, or the sense of feeling hot or cold.
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Chronoception: suggest when they awake from trance it will feel like only a few minutes have gone by.
Beginner Suggestions
Playing with balance is easy. You can make your partner lean to one side or feel like they’re on a boat. Be careful and be safe, especially since there is a risk of making your partner dizzy or even nauseous.
You can suggest that they feel sunshine on their skin, or they are getting a massage, or they can feel anticipation like butterflies in their stomach, or even like they have to yawn. These sensations are immediately recognizable to everyone.
The most common interoceptive suggestion is relaxation. Relaxation is packaged into most hypnotic inductions, but you can mix in some agency suggestions to convince your partner that they are hypnotized: tell them that you’re going to count down from 10 to 1, and they’ll relax completely as you count down; they can fight against the feeling of relaxation but they will be unable to resist.
Playing with sense of time (chronoception) is also surprisingly easy: you can tell people an hour was really ten minutes or vice versa and they’ll be surprised that the clock time doesn’t match their experience.
Interoception
Sensations related to internal body state (relaxation, balance, proprioception, temperature, sexual arousal, excitement, hunger, thirst, nausea, pain, toilet needs, etc) are called interoceptive sensations. They have some interesting properties that make suggestions easier than the major senses connected to external environment.
Interoceptive sensations do not have a hallucinatory component. If one person feels cold in a room and another person feels just fine, both perceptions are valid.
Interoceptive sensations often do not present physically. There is no external sign that someone is hungry or thirsty, and people can often not be aware of their own hunger or thirst until it is pointed out to them.
Interoceptive sensations are often very straightforward. Being very hungry is the same sensation as being a little hungry, only more intense.
Feedback Loops
Most interoceptive suggestions involve either positive or negative feedback loops, that cause the sensation to become stronger or weaker.
The classic example of a positive feedback loop is the progressive muscle relaxation induction. The PMR tells people to relax, experience relaxation, and then build on that sensation to relax more deeply, repeatedly nudging interoceptive experience in that direction. Some variants of the PMR will ask people to tense some muscle groups as hard as they can before releasing them, ensuring that relaxation is experienced.
Feedback loops such as postural sway suggestions work the same way. It’s fairly easy to cause people to lose their balance, especially with eyes closed. Causing a pendulum to swing in a certain direction or imagining buckets and balloons are classic suggestibility tests.
Close your eyes, and put both hands out in front of you, palms down.
Now, I want you to imagine that you’re holding a bucket in your left hand; close your hand into a fist to hold that bucket. I want you to imagine a helium balloon tied around your right hand; leave that hand open and feel the balloon pulling at your wrist.
Now, as you’re feeling the bucket in your left hand and the balloon on your right, you may begin to notice the bucket is beginning to feel heavier and heavier, and is starting to pull down that left hand. Meanwhile, the balloon is getting lighter and lighter, and is pulling your right hand up by the wrist. Feel how light that is, and how it’s pulling at your right wrist.
Now as that weight gets heavier and heavier it’s pulling your left arm down, and as that ballon gets lighter and lighter it’s pulling your right arm up. Heavier and heavier, and lighter and lighter. In fact the heavier your left arm feels the lighter your right arm feels, and the lighter your right arm feels the heavier the left arm feels.
Now keeping your arms where they are, open your eyes and take a look at where your arms are.
Suggestions involving negative feedback loops less common, and are used to regulate negative reactions such as hyperventilation or nausea. This is often used to recover from emotional experiences and calm down the nervous system, but can also be used for pain insensitivity. This is especially useful with an alert induction in emergency situations.
Sensations can also be conditioned. Chronic pain is at least in part a conditioned feedback loop, where frequent episodes of pain train the brain to be "better" at feeling subsequent episodes. Hypnosis treatments for pain exist, but should only be done by a qualified professional.
Physiological Effects
Interoceptive suggestions can have physiological effects. Suggesting cold can produce goosebumps, allergic reactions can be inhibited, and various other physical reactions can be produced from hypnotic suggestion.
This is not as extraordinary as it appears. There are people who can produce goosebumps on demand, and people in general have far more control over physical reactions than expected. If it’s possible to do it without hypnosis, it’s possible to do it with hypnosis. For example, false pregnancy involves a strong psychological component and can produce physical signs of pregnancy; if the mind leads, the body may follow.
Another approach is classical conditioning. If you shine a light in your partner’s eyes and ring a bell often enough, eventually the iris will dilate at the sound of a bell. You can use this response to train physiological responses at your leisure, although they cannot be removed as easily as hypnotic suggestions.
A common question is whether you can hypnotize people to have orgasms. The short answer is yes, although it may feel different and may not involve all the physical responses. You can condition arousal or orgasm, but this has a couple of drawbacks compared to suggestion. It may associate response with the signal and so make response without the signal more difficult. It may also stick around even when unwelcome, and does not respond to safety clauses like hypnotic suggestions, which can be embarrassing or even dangerous if driving or operating heavy machinery.
Another common use of hypnosis is to cause sleep. While hypnosis can’t directly induce deep or REM sleep, confusion inductions and progressive muscle relaxations have much in common with cognitive shuffle and lullabies, and so suggestions directed towards falling asleep can easily led to stage 1 sleep with your partner.
Hallucination and Pareidolia
The major senses — sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell — are different from the interoceptive senses. Suggestions involving these senses work best with an understanding of how senses work, and how perception adds a layer on top of the senses. The idea of constructed visual perception is the hardest pill to swallow, because we look around and think we can see the world around us. But even from 1897, it was known that the human eye is incapable of producing a high quality image directly. More investigation reveals that the retina has a blind spot, the eye routinely moves in irregular patterns called saccades, and various portions of the visual cortex handle object detection and persistence.
We don’t see a tree, we see the idea of a tree. We don’t see blue or red, we see the idea of blue or red, even if the actual color is different.
Sensory perception is not just about what we see, but what we distinguish. This is most obvious in ambiguous images and sounds. You can see a blue dress or a white dress or hear yanny or laurel. When ambiguous sensory input exists, the brain will create the details needed to fill in the blanks. The brain’s ability to fill in the blanks can lead to pareidolia, seeing faces and shapes where none exist, or hearing music and voices in white noice. Even touch can be fooled with tactile illusions.
What you perceive can also be nudged. You can take a lightbulb and change the color very slightly and convince people that their perception is changing in response to hypnotic suggestion. This will cause them to be more responsive to other suggestions in general, even after telling them how it worked, as the brain has already accepted that it can control perceptions.
While pareidolia is an incorrect perception given ambiguous stimulus, hallucination is a perception in the absense of external stimulus. Suggesting pareidolia is easier than suggesting hallucination, but part of that is because people are far more familiar with pareidolia than with hallucination.
Hallucination is a skill. It can be taught: Bob Hoskins learned how to hallucinate from his daughter when filming Who Framed Roger Rabbit, although he did have trouble stopping after eight months of filming. The more experience your partner has with hallucination outside of hypnosis, the easier it is to produce a hallucination through hypnotic suggestion. Although hallucination is similar to mental imagery, it is true perception MRI scans report that there is a notable difference in brain activity between hallucination and mental imagery.
General Guidelines
Hypnoticharlequin has some useful general suggestions about introducing sensory suggestions.
Start Small
Hallucination is very hard and is considered to be a higher level trance phenomena. So start small with Simple Visual Hallucination, Elementary Auditory Hallucination, Phantosmia [smells that are not actually there] or small general tactile hallucinations.
Build up slowly and gently and give your subject time to learn how to do this. Remember rapport is key, so take the time to create it.
For example, you can imagine biting into a lemon and tasting the sourness, or smelling a fart. Phantom touch is a common suggestion, especially being poked or feeling a light touch.
Choose your details
The key when setting up your hallucination is to choose your details carefully. Every detail you add to the description is another part for the brain to create and maintain. Thus it is better to remain vague, especially at first, and to let the subject shape the details of the experience themselves. To give an example it is better to say:
“You will see a cute elephant”
than to say
“You will see a cute elephant in a pink hat and a yellow bow tie”
but when starting out it might be even better to say:
“You will see a cute animal”
Because that allows the mind to create whatever it finds easiest to project and maintain.
Keep it short and end it firmly
It is much better to work with a hallucination in a focused manner for short periods than to work on it with other suggestions. Working with multiple suggestions, especially those that would force the subject to look away from and then back to the hallucination will make it much harder to maintain as the mind as to rebuild it ever time the subject looks back. It also forces the mind to keep track of the object being there.
Thus it is best to focus everything on the hallucination for a bit and then once it is over do the other suggestions.
Also end it firmly. Doing so builds a lot more rapport as it create a big “wow that worked” moment and feels more impressive than it gradually fading away. Also it lets subjects know they did well, as many might see the natural fading away as them failing to maintain it.
Exercises
The next step is to integrate hallucinations into their every day experience through uncertain input.
Ragezdasta has a series of exercises to directly change sensory experience.
The Sky Exercise
“This is an exercise you should try on a moderately cloudy day, when the sky above you is filled with a delightful mixture of large, bold clouds and tiny little clouds. Simply look upwards, and think to yourself ‘the white is the sky, and the blue bits are the real clouds’, until the sky is inverted, and you see the blue parts as the true clouds, as opposed to being openings in the sky. Try and hold this state of mind for longer than thirty seconds. Once you can invert the daylight sky for longer than a minute, try the same with the night sky and the stars.”
This perception exercise is an Occlumency exercise shamelessly stolen from The Universe Is An Optimisation Problem.
The Box Exercise
“Sit in a dimly lit room, and try to imagine a box at the very corner of your vision. Imagine the shape of the box, the material it’s made out of, and anything written on the box. Now, once you believe you have convinced yourself that the box could be there, try to ‘see’ the box. Once you are able to do this, either adjust your external settings by turning the lights up or adjust things internally by moving the box closer into your field of vision. Try to get the box right in the middle of your field of vision. It’s fine if the box is translucent, so long as you understand that the box is there.”
This is an exercise that is intended to improve the subject’s skill towards hypnotic “Positive Hallucinations” in which you perceive an object that is not there. In different levels of hypnotic depth, if the conditions are right, subjects are often able to do this completely naturally via a hypnotist’s adept description of the hallucination in question. Doing this yourself, however, is a great way to gain an initial grasp of your own visual Hypno-Hallucinogenic abilities and improve them over time.
Postcue Exercise
“’Pay attention to that alley over there. A gorilla in a clown suit is going to come out of it in a second.’ If I said that to you, and the ape subsequently appeared, you would (rightly) conclude that I’d helped you see the beast by focusing your attention on the right place at the right time. Suppose, though, that I’d said to look at the alley after the gorilla rushed by. And then you realized, hey, I saw a gorilla over there! That would be weird right? But it’s what people do all the time!“(2) Knowing this, certain subjects have taken to seeing certain objects by blinking rapidly and shifting their heads slightly with every blink, as if trying to follow a rapidly moving object.
Envisioning the object and following it around while blinking rapidly can often create enough reasonable doubt for your mind to initiate a Postcue, especially while under hypnosis. Over time, while within a trance, the blinking may become less rapid as the object gains more permanence within your field of vision.
Certain popular hypnotic hallucinations such as envisioning rapidly moving fairies or thrown tennis balls can function very effectively on this principle. I have known these two specific suggestions to be very popular hypnotic hallucinations for obvious reasons.
Popup Box Exercise
TistDaniel discovered a convenient way to imagine a hallucination a popup box in a web-browser.
I tried something new: I suggested to one woman that she’d see a pop-up window opening on her screen, and she’d be unable to close it. It would play a video of a talking dog advertising dog shampoo. It worked well. In fact, it worked well with everyone I tried it with. They couldn’t believe in a person magically appearing in the room with them, but they had no trouble at all believing in something appearing on their screen—there’s nothing magical about pop-ups.
So working from the idea that the block on hallucination is a matter of belief, rather than some people just not being capable of it, I tried something different with another woman. I suggested that her mirror was actually a computer screen, and then had her see things on the mirror. It worked really well. So I suggested to her that her glasses were magical, and that while she looked through her glasses, she could see the invisible. In a few minutes, I had her hallucinating that her girlfriend was there in the room with her—but she could only see her through her glasses. And this was a woman who had never experienced visual hallucination before.
I’m pretty sure that everyone is capable of hypnotic hallucination. The main limitation is what they believe can be possible. Don’t focus on inducing the hallucination—focus on inducing the belief.
Projection
Hypnoticharlequin suggests starting with mental imagery of a 2D shape, and then projecting a 2D shape onto the wall.
One way to get better is practice, I was taught this simple exercise to help work on and improve visual hallucination.
Start by imagining a simple 2D shape in your minds eye. Give it a colour. And then find a blank piece of wall and focus and slowly try and “project” the shape on the blank bit of wall.
Once you get good at that, try making it into a 3D shape and project that, and then play around with changing the colour, shape, texture and weight of the object.
You can do this with any of the hallucination types, just pick something simple and work on having it happen and then after a time work on changing it and altering it.
Ganzfeld Effect
The Ganzfeld effect is a great way to experience general hallucination.
You will need the following;
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Sheets of light, white paper
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Cotton padding
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Rubber bands
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Stationery, including scissors, tape, a stapler, and string
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A YouTube video of old television white noise or static that runs uninterrupted for at least 30 minutes
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Noise-cancelling headphones
After 20 minutes, your partner will start to experience visual and auditory hallucinations. Here’s a case report by Wordweaver's partner.
Weaver set up the experiment by taping my mouth and handed me a pair of earplugs and a nasal strip (deviated septum issues). He walked me over to the bed, secured my wrists and ankles, placed a weighted blanket over my body, and blindfolded me. For the blindfold, we needed something white rather than dark. It was a bit challenging to find something suitable. We opted to use one of those disposable face masks with a white side. He also set up a Shepard tone audio track, which I did not realize until later. The stillness was comforting at first. However, the room’s brightness against the whiteness of the makeshift eye mask made me feel somewhat restless. Yet, what ended up being an hour felt like 30 minutes at most. At first, I started seeing yellow and orange splotches. It reminded me of the time I almost passed out one hot summer afternoon as a child. I was walking toward my teacher in a feverish daze, and I somehow knew it was her because of those yellow and orange splotches were her silhouette. However, there was no silhouette my vision could latch onto this time. I was only able to see whiteness, and the splotches remained formless.
In the middle of the experiment, Weaver entered the room to make sure I was awake. At this point, I was feeling slightly floaty. I was not focusing on my body in particular, nor did I feel the need to. My thoughts went from thinking about randomness to focusing on what I was seeing in the whiteness. He spoke to me, but I am not sure of the exact details. However, I knew he mentioned a red dragon of sorts. I imagined what it would be like to see the yellow and orange splotches take on that form. He exited the room, and I stayed in the stillness. The frequency of the Shepard tones became more apparent. Eventually, clearly formed indigo circles joined my vision. They were smaller than the splotches and clustered in a way that reminded me of irises. When I concentrated on the thought of flowers, the circles took on the form of those petals briefly. The indigo circles would also flicker like a flame sometimes. At one point, both the petals and stems formed and then reverted into indigo circles with only stems attached to them.
Weaver entered the room once more. He removed the tape and the restraints and spoke to me; I can’t remember the exact words since it was a while ago. There was a distinct suggestion to be unable to see him. When I opened my eyes, he was gone. I could hear him walking around the room. The creaking of the floor and the direction of his voice gave me a sense of where he was. Even when I scrambled for my glasses, he was still gone. He told me that I would only see his hands. They were cupped and held in front of me; disembodied and nearly inconceivable. He made flower arrangements in them. I mainly saw roses; and the colours would fade into other colours at his whim. The same dragon I struggled to imagine initially came to life as he spoke of it. It looked like a hybrid of Mushu and Shenron. He moved on to touching my arm and my face. This started throwing me off because I did not know when his touch would come. Sometimes his hands were there, and sometimes they were not. This part becomes a bit foggy; I think I became confused about something and froze. He made himself reappear at this point, which gave me a small sense of relief. He also suggested to see an aura around him. I saw what appeared to be a bright light behind him, but his body covered the “source” of light. One of the last suggestions I can recall was to feel a chain around my neck. I saw this thin gold chain that grazed around my neck. As he pulled on it, I felt the urge to slide my fingers under the chain to give my neck space. I could feel the thin chain across my fingers; and the strength and fragility of it all.